app-ads.txt: How to Make It and Why You Need It
Last year, the ad tech industry struck back at one of its most elusive problems — widespread domain spoofing that let unauthorized developers sell premium inventory they didn’t actually have. The solution? Over two million developers adopted ads.txt — a simple-text public record of Authorized Digital Sellers for a particular publisher’s inventory — to make sure they didn’t lose money from DSPs and programmatic buyers who avoid noncompliant publishers. Thanks to buyers’ ability to crawl ads.txt and verify seller authenticity, this has quickly become a standard for protecting brands. Ad fraud reduced by 11% in 2019 due to these efforts and publisher’s ability to implement more fraud prevention techniques.
The time has come for ads.text to evolve in-app. The introduction of apps-ads.txt is an important method for mobile app devs to similarly eliminate fraud and improve transparency.
What is app-ads.txt?
Like ads.txt, apps-ads.txt is a text file that app devs upload to their publisher website. It lists all ad sources authorized to sell that publisher’s inventory. The IAB created a system that allows buyers to distinguish the authorized sellers for specific in-app inventory, weeding out the undesirables.
How does app-ads.txt work for your apps?
A DSP wanting to bid on an app’s inventory crawls the app-ads.txt file on a developer’s website to verify which ad sources are authorized to sell that app’s inventory. The DSP will only accept bid requests from ad sources listed on the file and authorized by the app developer.
How does app-ads.txt help app developers capture more ad revenue?
Authorized in-app inventory. An ever-increasing amount of brands are looking to advertise in-app today. Brand buyers now rely on an adherence to app-ads.txt to make sure they don’t buy unauthorized inventory from app developers and negatively impact campaign performance. Developers who don’t implement app-ads.txt can be removed from any brand buyer’s target media list. That’s why joining the app-ads.txt movement is crucial for publishers to maintain their revenue.
Ad fraud prevention. App-ads.txt blocks unauthorized developers who impersonate legitimate apps and mislead DSPs into spending brand budgets on fake inventory. With fraud instances minimized, authentic developers can retain more of the ad revenue from inventory genuinely targeted to their app.
How do I create an app-ads.txt?
**You must list your Developer Website URL in the GooglePlay and iTunes app stores. There must be a valid developer website URL in all app stores hosting your apps.**
Step 1: Provide the publisher website URL in your app store listing
Make sure that your publisher website URL (not app specific URL) is added in your app store listings, particularly the 'developer website' or 'app support' links on your App and Play Store pages. Advertising platforms will use this URL to verify the app-ads.txt file by visiting your host domain and then appending '/app-ads.txt' to reach the subdomain where your app-ads.txt should live, e.g. 'http://www.vungle.com/app-ads.txt.' There should be a consistent host domain across all your app store fronts. Also, double-check that your ad network (e.g. Vungle) account in Vungle's publisher UI has the correct app store URLs entered for your apps.
Step 2: Reach out to all ad sources (direct, resellers, etc.)
Get in touch with your direct ad sources and ask for their app-ads.txt line — according to the IAB’s structure below:
Ad source domain, your publisher account ID, type of relationship (direct or reseller), TAG cert ID
Example: vungle.com, 1234, DIRECT, 5678
If your partners are using third-party resellers to sell your inventory, they should be listed as “reseller.”
Example: vungle.com, 1234, RESELLER, 6789
(You shouldn’t add any provider to your app-ads.txt file unless you or your partner have a direct relationship with them.)
We have made it easier for you to include Vungle’s list of entries so that don’t have to construct it on your own. Please copy and paste the following text block [Only the Entries table] and include in your txt file along with entries you may have from your other monetization partners:
PS: Remember to replace [yourVunglePublisherAccountID] with your Vungle Account ID, which can be found in your Vungle account management dashboard.
vungle.com, [yourVunglePublisherAccountID], DIRECT, c107d686becd2d77
adcolony.com, 1efc6603710003ea, RESELLER, 1ad675c9de6b5176
adcolony.com, 801e49d1be83b5f9, RESELLER, 1ad675c9de6b5176
adcolony.com, 81685aa581edd381, RESELLER, 1ad675c9de6b5176
adcolony.com, f858ba060bce51ad, RESELLER, 1ad675c9de6b5176
admanmedia.com, 594, RESELLER
admixer.com, 8676470, RESELLER
admixer.net, 2878f07c-cc3f-4f8a-a26c-8e6033a539a6, RESELLER
admixer.net, 3d2ed9f3-1ce6-436c-896b-4d9c8418ad3f, RESELLER
admixer.net, 8e380da6-31ba-488c-939c-290c48d577e4, RESELLER
adtiming.com, a-126, RESELLER, bf66753b8f380142
advertising.com, 25990, RESELLER
advertising.com, 28246, RESELLER
adwmg.com, 8676470, RESELLER
algorix.co, 54250, RESELLER
appnexus.com, 10128, RESELLER, f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com, 11452, RESELLER
appnexus.com, 3368, RESELLER
appnexus.com, 8178, RESELLER, f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com, 8217, RESELLER, f5ab79cb980f11d1
aralego.com, par-8A2A4A443B29BB92F9622D3A67346AB, RESELLER
aralego.com, par-D232D76A227923DA1D28D94AA9699AE8, RESELLER
axonix.com, 57869, RESELLER
betweendigital.com, 43092, RESELLER
bidmachine.io, 55, RESELLER
bidmachine.io, 59, RESELLER
cmcm.com, 127, RESELLER
cmcm.com, 271, RESELLER
cmcm.com,105, RESELLER
contextweb.com, 561849, RESELLER, 89ff185a4c4e857c
contextweb.com, 561884, RESELLER, 89ff185a4c4e857c
contextweb.com, 561913, RESELLER, 89ff185a4c4e857c
EMXDGT.com, 1324, RESELLER, 1e1d41537f7cad7f
engagebdr.com, 10181, RESELLER
engagebdr.com, 10252, RESELLER
engagebdr.com, 16, RESELLER
engagebdr.com, 7, RESELLER
engagebdr.com, 84, RESELLER
improvedigital.com, 1366, RESELLER
improvedigital.com, 1532, RESELLER
indexexchange.com, 185774, RESELLER, 50b1c356f2c5c8fc
indexexchange.com, 191332, RESELLER, 50b1c356f2c5c8fc
inmobi.com, 22e5354e453f49348325184e25464adb, RESELLER, 83e75a7ae333ca9d
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inmobi.com, f3924290136e4129a5c082ff982c3a58, RESELLER, 83e75a7ae333ca9d
lijit.com, 273644, RESELLER
Limpid.tv,203581,RESELLER
loopme.com, 10999, RESELLER, 6c8d5f95897a5a3b
loopme.com, 11278, RESELLER
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meitu.com, 149, RESELLER
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meitu.com, 253, RESELLER
onetag.com, 59aa7be4921bac8, RESELLER
onetag.com, 59d216e971852f2, RESELLER
onetag.com, 5a02ff98ba6be67, RESELLER
onetag.com, 5d1628750185ace, RESELLER
openx.com, 537152826, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com, 539472296, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com, 540011801, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com, 540280728, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com, 540298543, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com, 540543195, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com, 540679900, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com, 541177349, RESELLER
pubmatic.com, 155975, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
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pubmatic.com, 157654, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
pubmatic.com, 158060, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
pubmatic.com, 158154, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
pubmatic.com, 159542, RESELLER
pubmatic.com, 159668, RESELLER
pubmatic.com, 159846, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
pubmatic.com, 8676470, RESELLER
pubnative.net, 1006458, RESELLER, d641df8625486a7b
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rhythmone.com, 3880497124, RESELLER
rhythmone.com, 4173858586, RESELLER, a670c89d4a324e47
rubiconproject.com, 13626, RESELLER, 0bfd66d529a55807
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rubiconproject.com, 19724, RESELLER
rubiconproject.com, 20744, RESELLER, 0bfd66d529a55807
sabio.us, 100032, RESELLER, 96ed93aaa9795702
silvermob.com,320,RESELLER
sonobi.com, eaec54c63f, RESELLER, d1a215d9eb5aee9e
sovrn.com, 273644, RESELLER
spotx.tv, 234183, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
spotx.tv, 99441, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
spotxchange.com, 234183, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
spotxchange.com, 99441, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
target.my.com, 8676470, RESELLER
ucfunnel.com, par-8A2A4A443B29BB92F9622D3A67346AB, RESELLER
ucfunnel.com, par-D232D76A227923DA1D28D94AA9699AE8, RESELLER
verve.com, 15290, RESELLER, 0c8f5958fc2d6270
verve.com, 15503, RESELLER, 0c8f5958fc2d6270
video.unrulymedia.com, 3704396951, RESELLER
webeyemob.com, 70090, RESELLER
yieldlab.net, 2172218, RESELLER
mobirtb.com, 149, RESELLER
pubmatic.com, 159831, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
pubmatic.com, 159897, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
cmcm.com, 135, RESELLER
openx.com, 539315083, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
criteo.com, 186227, RESELLER
rhythmone.com, 4268206200, RESELLER, a670c89d4a324e47
video.unrulymedia.com,4268206200,RESELLER
loopme.com, 11281, RESELLER, 6c8d5f95897a5a3b
olaex.biz,100023,RESELLER
pubmatic.com, 158271, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
kubient.com, 5eb2cb089c866, RESELLER, 4f12311e6ed900a3
pokkt.com, 5610 , RESELLER, c45702d9311e25fd
pubmatic.com, 156520, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
spotxchange.com, 117872, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
spotx.tv, 117872, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
freewheel.tv, 1058753, RESELLER
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axonix.com,56222,RESELLER
rubiconproject.com,12186,RESELLER,0bfd66d529a55807
e-planning.net,2af6560b926d20f9,RESELLER,c1ba615865ed87b2
improvedigital.com,1556,RESELLER
openx.com,541031350,RESELLER,6a698e2ec38604c6
pubmatic.com,156631,RESELLER,5d62403b186f2ace
adview.com, 32076181, RESELLER, 1b2cc038a11ea319
pubwheel.com, 32076181, RESELLER, 1b2cc038a11ea319
adcolony.com, 382d79cd1387e603, RESELLER, 1ad675c9de6b5176
admanmedia.com, 48, RESELLER
admixer.co.kr, 1287, RESELLER
admixer.net, 0072fb58-999b-445e-9a9b-3fc2a7194277, RESELLER
admixer.net, de2ae535-59eb-4f0b-95e3-89f821933d47, RESELLER
appnexus.com, 10005, RESELLER, f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com, 10824, RESELLER,f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com, 9569, RESELLER,f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com, 4052, RESELLER,f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com, 3703, RESELLER, f5ab79cb980f11d1
aralego.com, par-BE776B39322A364BC7767A69AB99BBD9, RESELLER
aralego.com, par-D233672DD744287DCD7E2439B82494AD, RESELLER
chartboost.com, 5eac93f341016b09ff0019b6, RESELLER
contextweb.com, 562122, RESELLER, 89ff185a4c4e857c
conversantmedia.com, 100081, RESELLER, 03113cd04947736d
decenterads.com, 14, RESELLER
decenterads.com, 92, RESELLER
districtm.io,101649,RESELLER,3fd707be9c4527c3
gammassp.com, 1521707344, RESELLER, 31ac53fec2772a83
google.com, pub-9685734445476814, RESELLER, f08c47fec0942fa0
groundtruth.com, 107, RESELLER, 81cbf0a75a5e0e9a
improvedigital.com, 1331, RESELLER
indexexchange.com, 185578, RESELLER, 50b1c356f2c5c8fc
inmobi.com, 867c89bb53994aaeb9dae3ce75b03e78, RESELLER, 83e75a7ae333ca9d
lkqd.net, 459, RESELLER, 59c49fa9598a0117
loopme.com, 11189, RESELLER, 6c8d5f95897a5a3b
loopme.com, s-2411, RESELLER, 6c8d5f95897a5a3b
loopme.com, 10178, RESELLER, 6c8d5f95897a5a3b
mars.media, 102753, RESELLER
mobfox.com, 82593, RESELLER, 5529a3d1f59865be
openx.com, 540326226, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
rubiconproject.com, 16114, RESELLER, 0bfd66d529a55807
pokkt.com, 7000, RESELLER, c45702d9311e25fd
pubmatic.com, 156835, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
Pubnative.net, 1006936, RESELLER, d641df8625486a7b
rhythmone.com, 3218195319, RESELLER, a670c89d4a324e47
rubiconproject.com, 13856, RESELLER, 0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com, 16834, RESELLER, 0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com, 11726, RESELLER, 0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com, 12266, RESELLER, 0bfd66d529a55807
smartadserver.com, 3797, RESELLER
smartadserver.com, 1692, RESELLER
smartyads.com, 368, RESELLER
spotx.tv, 283422, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
spotxchange.com, 283422, RESELLER, 7842df1d2fe2db34
tappx.com, 14039, RESELLER, 9f375a07da0318ec
telaria.com, s92od-u4sw5, RESELLER, 1a4e959a1b50034a
tremorhub.com, s92od-u4sw5, RESELLER, 1a4e959a1b50034a
ucfunnel.com, par-BE776B39322A364BC7767A69AB99BBD9, RESELLER
ucfunnel.com, par-D233672DD744287DCD7E2439B82494AD, RESELLER
mars.media, 1010422, RESELLER, 8624339f102fb076
advertising.com, 6814, RESELLER
beachfront.com, 805, RESELLER, e2541279e8e2ca4d
improvedigital.com, 1210, RESELLER
improvedigital.com, 1221, RESELLER
appnexus.com, 12223, RESELLER, f5ab79cb980f11d1
freewheel.tv, 1161393, RESELLER
pubmatic.com, 160195, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
pubmatic.com, 160194, RESELLER, 5d62403b186f2ace
google.com, pub-7214269347534569, RESELLER, f08c47fec0942fa0
freewheel.tv, 1162449, RESELLER
gitberry.com, XLV, RESELLER
inmobi.com, 5baa7ca93ef847c0876297e737dac3ee, RESELLER, 83e75a7ae333ca9d
freewheel.tv, 1173729, RESELLER
freewheel.tv, 1173793, RESELLER
gothamads.com, 1339, RESELLER, d9c86e5dec870222
gumgum.com,13706,RESELLER,ffdef49475d318a9
webeyemob.com, 70101, RESELLER
openx.com, 540679900, RESELLER, 6a698e2ec38604c6
adcolony.com, 801e49d1be83b5f9, RESELLER, 1ad675c9de6b5176
freewheel.tv, 1192767, RESELLER
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hitapps.com, 8613985ec49eb8f757ae6439e879bb2a6784, RESELLER
onetag.com, 66cff8e37d871be, RESELLER
smaato.com, 1100042823, RESELLER, 07bcf65f187117b4
pokkt.com, 7606, RESELLER, c45702d9311e25fd
appads.in, 107606, RESELLER
adcolony.com, 7d04a18a58085918, RESELLER, 1ad675c9de6b5176
reforge.in, 353, RESELLER
flat-ads.com, 6, RESELLER
conversantmedia.com, 100293, RESELLER, 03113cd04947736d
aol.com, 59025, RESELLER, e1a5b5b6e3255540
yahoo.com, 59025, RESELLER, e1a5b5b6e3255540
adview.com,32076181,RESELLER,1b2cc038a11ea319
acexchange.co.kr,1017355401,RESELLER
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admanmedia.com,43,RESELLER
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admanmedia.com,594,RESELLER
admixer.co.kr,1185,RESELLER
admixer.co.kr,1287,RESELLER
admixer.net,de2ae535-59eb-4f0b-95e3-89f821933d47,RESELLER
advertising.com,28246,RESELLER
adyoulike.com,b4bf4fdd9b0b915f746f6747ff432bde,RESELLER,4ad745ead2958bf7
aol.com,57992,RESELLER,e1a5b5b6e3255540
aol.com,58905,RESELLER,e1a5b5b6e3255540
appnexus.com,13099,RESELLER,f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com,3703,RESELLER,f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com,4052,RESELLER,f5ab79cb980f11d1
appnexus.com,9569,RESELLER,f5ab79cb980f11d1
aralego.com,par-2736764B3A38EB77FDEAEB7444AB844,RESELLER
aralego.com,pub-77229E766E887DE6FB9ED63A78D6A629,RESELLER
axonix.com,56222,RESELLER
axonix.com,57264,RESELLER
axonix.com,57716,RESELLER
betweendigital.com,43092,RESELLER
betweendigital.com,43843,RESELLER
bidence.com,3de04db04d6eb28b13281a39b1c16d67,RESELLER
blis.com,33,RESELLER,61453ae19a4b73f4
contextweb.com,560288,RESELLER,89ff185a4c4e857c
contextweb.com,561998,RESELLER,89ff185a4c4e857c
contextweb.com,562122,RESELLER,89ff185a4c4e857c
conversantmedia.com,100081,RESELLER,03113cd04947736d
conversantmedia.com,100246,RESELLER,03113cd04947736d
conversantmedia.com,40881,RESELLER,03113cd04947736d
decenterads.com,14,RESELLER
decenterads.com,198,RESELLER
e-planning.net,a15ce31379a418ac,RESELLER,c1ba615865ed87b2
freewheel.tv,20393,RESELLER
freewheel.tv,24377,RESELLER
google.com,pub-3769010358500643,RESELLER,f08c47fec0942fa0
google.com,pub-4568609371004228,RESELLER,f08c47fec0942fa0
groundtruth.com,107,RESELLER,81cbf0a75a5e0e9a
improvedigital.com,1331,RESELLER
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indexexchange.com,184738,RESELLER,50b1c356f2c5c8fc
indexexchange.com,191332,RESELLER,50b1c356f2c5c8fc
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lkqd.net,647,RESELLER,59c49fa9598a0117
lkqd.net,654,RESELLER,59c49fa9598a0117
loopme.com,10178,RESELLER,6c8d5f95897a5a3b
loopme.com,11322,RESELLER,6c8d5f95897a5a3b
loopme.com,5679,RESELLER,6c8d5f95897a5a3b
loopme.com,9724,RESELLER,6c8d5f95897a5a3b
mars.media,102753,RESELLER
onetag.com,59aa7be4921bac8,RESELLER
onetag.com,74ea58ae86fd4b0,RESELLER
openx.com,537149888,RESELLER,6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com,540031703,RESELLER,6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com,540298543,RESELLER,6a698e2ec38604c6
openx.com,540326226,RESELLER,6a698e2ec38604c6
pokkt.com,7606,RESELLER,c45702d9311e25fd
pubmatic.com,156439,RESELLER,5d62403b186f2ace
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rhythmone.com,4173858586,RESELLER,a670c89d4a324e47
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rubiconproject.com,16114,RESELLER,0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com,17328,RESELLER,0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com,19724,RESELLER,0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com,20744,RESELLER,0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com,23644,RESELLER,0bfd66d529a55807
rubiconproject.com,23732,RESELLER,0bfd66d529a55807
smaato.com,1100044045,RESELLER,07bcf65f187117b4
smaato.com,1100049757,RESELLER,07bcf65f187117b4
smartadserver.com,1692,RESELLER
smartadserver.com,3232,RESELLER
smartadserver.com,3797,RESELLER
smartadserver.com,4071,RESELLER
smartadserver.com,4111,RESELLER
sonobi.com,cc3858f35e,RESELLER,d1a215d9eb5aee9e
sonobi.com,eaec54c63f,RESELLER,d1a215d9eb5aee9e
spotx.tv,82068,RESELLER,7842df1d2fe2db34
spotxchange.com,82068,RESELLER,7842df1d2fe2db34
tappx.com,14039,RESELLER,9f375a07da0318ec
tpmn.io,368,RESELLER
tpmn.io,406,RESELLER
verve.com,15290,RESELLER,0c8f5958fc2d6270
verve.com,15503,RESELLER,0c8f5958fc2d6270
verve.com,5897,RESELLER,0c8f5958fc2d6270
xad.com,958,RESELLER,81cbf0a75a5e0e9a
yahoo.com,55771,RESELLER,e1a5b5b6e3255540
yahoo.com,57992,RESELLER,e1a5b5b6e3255540
yahoo.com,58905,RESELLER,e1a5b5b6e3255540
Step 3: Write the app-ads.txt file
Create and save an app-ads.txt file in any text editor (e.g. Notepad) listing out all the lines you received from your ad source partners.
Step 4: Upload the app-ads.txt file
Upload the app-ads.txt file to the root of your website domain (e.g. https://www.example.com/app-ads.txt).
To sum up...
Vungle is committed to more transparency and security in the mobile advertising ecosystem. It’s important both ad networks and developers do their part to participate in this movement to help remove fraud. We encourage all our developers to adopt app-ads.txt so they stay healthy on our network and earn the revenue they deserve.
Still have questions?
Please submit a technical support request!